宁夏导游词

　　各位游客：

　　欢迎大家到青铜峡来观光旅游，很高兴由我为大家做今天的导游。

　　游客朋友们，首先，请大家随我到一百零八塔文物陈列室去看一看。这里摆放着许多修复古塔时从塔中发掘的西夏，泥塑佛像，砖雕佛像，内容十分丰富。

　　看完文物陈列室后，我们一起从塔的左面上去，再从塔的右面下来。一会儿大家上塔时要抚摸塔身，一层层地登上去。佛教把人生烦恼归结为108种，数一座塔即可消除一种烦恼，如果大家真能一口气数遍108个塔，你便能消除心中的烦恼。

　　大家顺着我的手指往上看：这组位于陡峭山坡上的古塔，因塔的总数为108座从而得名一百零八塔。一百零八塔原本是一组规模宏大的寺庙建筑群，但由于自然和人为原因，这里的绝大部分的寺庙或被毁灭或被湮没，如今仅塔林独存。1987～1988年文物管理部门对塔群进行了加固维修，安装了金属宝顶和塔群护栏、台阶。19年又正式划定了保护范围，并委派专人看护，这里才真正成为青铜峡的王牌景点。

　　现在我们已到了塔顶，让我们走到塔旁来观赏。108塔背山面河，沿山坡修建，从高到低按奇数一，三、三，五、五，七，九……十九排列，构成一个等边三角形塔群。这种布局的塔群建筑十分罕见，在我国现存的塔群中还找不出第二个，它也是全国第三大塔群，塔数仅次于河南高山少林寺塔群(约250座)、山东长清灵岩寺塔群(167座)。

　　看完塔的布局，我们再来看塔的外观造型。这每个塔的结构看起来都大致相同，塔的底座都是砖砌的八角形须弥座，塔心的正中还立着一竖木，里面填的是土坯，外面砌着青砖，塔体外表涂着白灰，整个塔的形状就像一把盖着宝珠的伞。有个游客告诉我说它跟北京妙应寺元代白塔的造型很相似，都具有喇嘛塔的特点。这些塔大小有别，顶端的那座单塔形体最大，有3.5米高，它的底部是个八角形的束腰须弥座，塔身象覆钵，塔顶如宝珠，东面还有个供人烧香的小门，一百零八塔中数这个塔最大。它下面的塔按比例缩小，大约有2.5米高，它们的塔身形状也逐层有变化，第2到第4层是尖锥形，5、6两层塔的形状就像个葫芦，7至12层大家看象不象个宝瓶。西夏灭亡后，一百零八塔就一直被冷落在这山野。1958年，在这佛塔以东的滔滔黄河上兴建了青铜峡拦水坝时，人们才意外地发现了这遗忘了数百年的一百零八塔。人们发现这些塔时塔心正中就立着一根竖木，而且这些塔也的确是用土坯砌的，最外一层的塔面上还有彩绘遗迹。后代的人重修时，又在土坯塔体外面另外包了一层砖，还给砖上抹了一层泥。从建筑学的角度看，这些塔上下协调，隐含着佛家“人生在世，有大造化，也有小造化;有大功德，也有小功德。只要用心修行，虔诚向佛，他的功劳便不磨灭。”的意味。

　　游客们，关于一百零八塔的建筑年代至今还是个谜呢!有人认为：从形状、结构上看它可能是元代建的。因为明朝的《大明一统志》等书都记载了一百零八塔在青铜峡，而且将它称为“古塔"。__时这里的一部分塔被毁，1987年重修时人们在塔的内外及塔基下意外地发现了一些写在丝绸上的西夏文字残片及元朝时期遗留的物品，才知道原来这些塔群是西夏时所建。据考古专家说：一百零塔建于西夏，兴于元代，所以明代人才称它为“古塔”，到明清时这里成为香火旺盛的佛教寺院建筑的中心，受到善男信女的养护与崇拜。

　　有的游客问我：为何一百零八塔要建在青铜峡?主要是这里风水好。大家看这塔的后面有青铜色的山做屏障，前面又有黄河润泽塔四周的草木。可能还有些外地游客不知道，在这塔群附近的黄河库区，有个被人誉为"候鸟天堂"的青铜峡鸟岛。每年春季，数万只候鸟从南方赶来，在这里生儿育女。绿草青山，飞鸟成群，也给这古老寂寞的塔群增添了无限生机啊!但考古专家却认为：党项族人在此修造佛塔，与佛教有关。西夏王国崇尚佛教，就把佛教定为国教。因此宁夏境内的寺、塔很多。银川承天寺塔(俗称西塔)、海宝塔(俗称北塔)，还有一百零八塔都是西夏时留下的佛塔。

　　还有游客问我：西夏人建这么一座佛塔有讲究吗?讲究当然有。一百零八塔是佛教纪念性建筑，而“108”又是佛教最崇拜的数字。我国各地寺庙自古以来，都有撞钟祈福的习俗。佛教认为人有一百零八种烦恼，敲一百零八下钟，人听了之后便可以排忧解愁。

　　此外，民间对建塔还有这样的说法：明朝初期，108位将士在青铜峡阻击敌人的战斗中全部壮烈牺牲，为了纪念他们人们建了108座塔。那个最大的塔据说是为纪念一位战死的将军而建的。也有人说，当时抗击敌人的是108个和尚，108座塔是为这些和尚而建的。另外民间还相传，一百零八塔是穆桂英的“点将台”，“天门阵”。虽然这只是些传说，但却反映出了人们的良好愿望。

　　各位游客，青铜峡的一百零八塔我们游完了，相信大家和我一样，将把它的美丽神奇珍藏在脑海中，永不遗忘。

宁夏导游词

　　Dear tourists

　　The beautiful and rich Yinchuan is the first oasis developed in Hetao areaof the Yellow River. In the Han Dynasty, the measures of dredging canals andcultivating farmland were carried out here, and water conservancy projects suchas hanyanqu were built. In the Tang Dynasty, Yinchuan had the reputation of"south of the Yangtze River". Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the folk sayingof "the Yellow River enriches Ningxia" has spread all over Jiuzhou. The ancientDangxiang people have created a dazzling Xixia Culture here, and the industriousHui people are constantly striving for self-improvement, showing colorful folkcustoms. Yinchuan is an important city in the northwest border of China, thecapital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and one of the famous historical andcultural cities in China. It has a long and splendid history, profound culturalheritage, endless stories and endless beautiful scenery. Today, let's go intoYinchuan and feel the magic charm of this ancient frontier fortress city!

　　Tourists, Yinchuan city is located in the Hetao Plain formed by thealluvial of the Yellow River, facing the Yellow River in the East, with flat andopen terrain; the Helan Mountain in the west, adjacent to the mountains of AlxaLeft Banner in Inner Mongolia; the Qingtongxia gorge in the South; and PingluoCounty in the North. The total area of the city is 3499 square kilometers, andthe urban area is 1277 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over threecounty-level districts of urban area, new urban area and suburb, and twocounties of Yongning and Helan. According to statistics, by the end of 20__, thecity's total population was about 1039100. Yinchuan is a multi-ethnic area,inhabiting 25 ethnic groups, such as Hui, Han, Manchu, Mongolian and Korean. Itis also a city where the Hui population is concentrated, with about 223100 Huipeople.

　　It is said that a long time ago, seven sisters of Phoenix lived in thesouth of the Yangtze River, bringing happiness to people. Among them, theyoungest seven sisters came to Ningxia, where the land is thin and the peopleare poor, and opened a canal to divert water, bringing the scenery of the southof the Yangtze River. Later, in order to prevent the invasion of alien tribes,Fenghuang Qimei became a city to protect the people in Ningxia, which was laterYinchuan. Now, "Phoenix City" has become the reputation of Yinchuan.

　　Yinchuan is flat and open. The terrain trend is gradually inclined fromsouthwest to northeast. "Helan is the screen, the Yellow River is around, thefertile fields are thousands of miles, and the lakes are inlaid" is the featureof Yinchuan landform pattern. Yinchuan terrain is divided into mountain andplain. In the west is Helan Mountain, which forms a trapezoidal shape andgradually decreases from the south of quanqigou, with an altitude of 20__-2500meters. The main peak, aobaogeda, is 3556 meters. It is a natural barrier toprevent the cold air and sandstorm from driving into the northwest. In the Eastis the Yellow River alluvial plain. The Yellow River flows from 16 kilometerseast of Yinchuan city to 30 degrees south of the city to Shizuishan, with atransit length of 78.4 kilometers and a water surface of 124700 mu, forming avast and boundless alluvial plain of the Yellow River, in which there arehundreds of fertile fields, ditches, lush vegetation, scattered with hundreds oflakes and marshes, including the famous "72 Lian Lake". Since ancient times, ithas been the main agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheryproduction area.

　　Yinchuan is located in the middle temperate arid climate zone, whichbelongs to the middle temperate continental climate. The main features are: lessrain and snow, strong evaporation, sufficient sunshine, moderate heat, strongwind and sand; cold in winter, hot in summer, short and changeable in spring.Yinchuan is located in the northwest inland, far from the sea, coupled with adry climate, less rainfall and long sunshine, so most of the year is sunny.According to statistics, the annual sunshine time is 17.5 hours more than thatof "sunshine city" Lhasa.

　　The temperature difference between day and night in Yinchuan is very large,with an average daily temperature difference of 13.1-14.4 degrees in the wholeyear. This continental climate, coupled with the unique natural conditions, isvery suitable for the growth of all kinds of crops. It is easy to store thesugar content of melons and fruits, and the sugar content of melons and fruitsis 15% - 20% higher than that of Central Plains. According to the records ofshuijingzhu written by Li Daoyuan, a famous geographer in the Northern WeiDynasty, Yinchuan plain was called "Guocheng" as early as 1500 years ago. It isrich in peach, plum, apricot, jujube, apple, grape and watermelon. The fruit isbig, sweet, tender and colorful. Yinchuan has been planting rice for more than2100 years. After careful cultivation and improvement by the working people,Yinchuan's rice has become a famous variety in China. The main food crops arewheat, buckwheat, white pea and so on. Vegetables are Ningxia cabbage, pepper,tomato, scallion. In addition, fern, seabuckthorn and honey are alsowell-known.

　　There are many soil types and diverse vegetation in Yinchuan area. Theforest covers an area of one million mu, half of which are plantations,including timber forest, shelter forest and fruit forest. With the developmentof afforestation and other greening projects, the forest area and greening areaare increasing year by year. In 1988, the State Council approved Helan Mountainas a national forest nature reserve with wildlife types. There are 183000 mu ofnatural secondary forest and 177 species of wildlife on the mountain, including16 species of rare animals under state protection.

　　Yinchuan is located in the north of the depression belt in the westernmargin of Ordos, with rich mineral resources. The mineral products stored in theHelanshan section of Yinchuan are mainly coal, hematite, limestone, dolomite,apatite, quartz sandstone, diabase, ceramic clay, etc., which provide favorableconditions for the development of metallurgy, chemical industry, buildingmaterials and other industries in Yinchuan, especially the high storage ofphosphate rock.

　　Yinchuan has a long history. As early as 20__ years ago in the period ofEmperor Wu of Han Dynasty, it was the habitat of Xiongnu, Xianbei and othernomadic peoples. With the development of the Yellow River irrigation area, somecastles have sprung up in Yinchuan plain. At that time, the castles, which werecalled Yinhan City, were the predecessor of Yinchuan city. Yinchuan county wasestablished in the northern and Southern Dynasties in the three years of Jiande(574), which was called Huaiyuan County. In 1020 ad, Li Deming, the leader ofDangxiang nationality, moved here and changed to Xingzhou. In 1038, the capitalof Xixia was established here, which lasted 1 years. After the change ofdynasties, it was renamed zhongxingfu, Ningxia, Ningxia Fu and Ningxia city. Itwas not until 1945 that Yinchuan city was established.

　　The term "Yinchuan" comes from the description of this section of theYellow River and its coastal plain irrigation area as "Yinchuan" in the lateMing Dynasty. This famous cultural city with a long history of more than 1000years is characterized by Xixia Culture. Xixia Mausoleum scenic spot is anational key scenic spot. Helan Mountain Nature Reserve is a national key naturereserve. Xixia mausoleum, baisikou twin pagoda and Haibao pagoda are the keycultural relics protection units in China. Yinchuan is one of the mostattractive cities in Western China because of its attractive water scenery,peculiar scenery of Saishang and colorful Hui customs.

　　Tourists, Yinchuan city is divided into three parts: the old city, the newcity and the new city. The old city was formerly Ningxia Fucheng in the QingDynasty, about 15 kilometers east of the Yellow River. Both the regionalgovernment and the Municipal People's government are located here. It is also acommercial district. The new city is located in the east of the railway station,7.5 kilometers away from the old city in the East. It was developed on the basisof the new Manchu city where Qianlong lived in the Qing Dynasty. After 1958, anew urban area was built on the vast desert grassland to the west of BaotouLanzhou railway. Once upon a time, in Yinchuan City, except for the drum tower,Yuhuangge, nanmenlou and other ancient buildings, most of them were low yellowmud Adobe houses. Nowadays, the ancient and new appearance of Yinchuan Citycomplement each other. Around those ancient buildings, there are many modernbuildings. At night, the lights are bright, the neon lights are flashing, andthe broad streets are full of light. When you enter Yinchuan, you can enjoy thebeauty of Ningxia's unique tradition and the present. This ancient frontierfortress city is welcoming guests from all over the world with a newattitude.

宁夏导游词

　　六盘山是西南首要的水源修养林基地以及光景名胜区，山峦险峻，丛林茂密、流泉飞瀑、气候舒爽，是西南首要的“绿岛”以及“湿岛”。有歉富的植物以及昆虫资源。有金钱豹、林麝、金雕、红腹锦鸡国家珍稀植物30多种。六盘闭寨、”"民雅”"村、长征纪念馆等景点。是旅游、戚闲度假、探险、漂流、科考的理想之地。

　　六盘山红军长征纪念馆位于隆德一侧六盘山主峰之上。是自乱区、为纪念红军长征翻越六盘山及长征胜利70周年而修的红色旅游景点。纪念馆于20_年9月18日落成，总投资4000多万元，整体修建由纪念馆、纪念碑、纪念广场、纪念亭、吟诗台五全数组成。此中纪念馆面积2159仄方米，由“红军没有怕远征难”、“红旗漫卷西风”、“齐军预先尽合颜”“没有到长乡非好汉”四全数组成。前三全数用96桢红军时期的照片、20幅图表以及81件什物(此中15份复造的电文)再现了中国工农红军长征三次经过六盘山区时的斗争”"汗青”"：“没有到长乡非好汉”全数用115幅照片再现了六盘女儿在长征精神的鼓舞下修设家园的伟大厘革。

　　纪念碑坐落在纪念馆顶部海拔2832米、面积为4900仄方米的仄台上，高26。8米，长18米，严4.5米，正面为_提写的“六盘山红军长征纪念碑”碑名，器材二侧星散上手写的著名诗篇《七律.长征》以及《清仄乐.六盘山》：

　　纪念广场占地10000仄方米，门心二组群雕再现回汉百姓迎红军以及红军翻越六盘山的壮观场面：纪念广场的迎壁墙由三面红军军旗构成，高12米，长60米，下面镌刻着_同道题写的“长征精神永放光线”几个大字;纪念亭以及吟诗台坐落在纪念观当面的山峰上，使整个景区气势恢宏、壮观。六盘山红军长征纪念馆距固本市乡区50千米，距隆德县乡17千米，312国叙、省叙101线银(川)仄(凉)公路从山下通过。

　　六盘闭寨在县乡东20里六盘山上，与固本县分界。东汉时牛邯寨瓦亭凭恃六盘闭寨为屏障。唐设六盘闭为本州七闭之一，即所谓“扼九寨咽喉，七闭襟带”，元宗时破吐蕃於此。宋韩琦经营边事，置六盘闭寨戍守。无太祖修避暑楼驻跸，旧有牌坊曰“陇干锁钥”。清光绪两十五年(公元19年)潘龄皋知隆德时，题闻“峰高华岳三千丈，险据秦闭百双重”。《武经总要》：东至木波20里，西至神林堡40里，北至杜堡30里，南至瓦亭20里。六盘闭寨，其址当在小水沟。

　　六盘山是兵家必争之地，广东导游词，历代屯垦之所。公元前220_年秦始皇逾陇山至南地郡，西望祖历。汉武帝6次钦统领六军驻跸六盘山，唐太宗过陇山至西瓦亭(西凶)欢马政。清叙光年间林则徐流放翻越六盘。蒙今主成凶思汗曾避暑六盘山。翻越六盘山曾留下著做词章《清仄乐·六盘山》。隋、唐、元、亮、清历代都在六盘山屯垦养马。

　　六盘山气候清爽，夏天温度15℃右左，忽必烈曾修避暑楼，是绝妙避暑圣地。

　　六盘山百姓纯朴敦薄，今风犹存。六盘山下杨家店正修制民雅村。民雅村小桥流水，阡陌连横，牛耕于田，鸡鸣于叙，茅舍土屋，吹烟袅袅，石碾、石臼、水磨、油坊、木犁、木耧、木车、木桶、瓦盆、瓦瓮、凉帽竹笠、毡祯蓑衣、八耳麻鞋、城枕麻帐、火炕草席、甲马云子、“粗”茶“淡”饭、，意在传承，民族”"民雅文化”"，抢救民间艺术珍偶。村房修民雅展览室，陈列民间工艺”"美术”"品、剪纸、书画、塑雕。体现隆德歉薄的文化底蕴。

宁夏导游词

　　滚钟口山峦起伏，岩石峻峭，林木葱茏，巍峨秀丽。在西夏时，就是“西夏古名胜地”。当时，李元昊曾于山沟北部建造了一处规模宏大的避暑宫苑。现在在这片参差错落的20多处建筑遗址上，散落的砖、瓦、器物残片遗物，还俯拾即是。明清时，这里也大兴土木，建造庙宇、楼阁，修建了贺兰庙、老君堂、大悲阁、斗母宫、小洞天、关帝庙、兴隆寺、晚翠阁、观音庙等14处庙庵台阁，这些建筑依山临险，随势自然，错落有致。山内的三座山峰之上，还建有三座造型优美、小巧别致的白色喇嘛式塔。始建于清朝光绪十八年(12年)的贺兰庙，庙宇坐落在半山之上，分为上中下三层台院，三座殿宇连成一体。主殿泥塑彩像，两侧绘有滚钟口全景图和贺兰庙全景图，殿宇雕梁画栋，蔚为壮观。据史料载：明清时期，每年六月，城镇村堡的善男信女多进香山寺，轮骑络绎不绝，名曰“朝山”，亦借以游览涤暑。景区南侧山旁的“清真寺”，有阿拉伯也门的马克伦丁·本·欧斯曼长老“拱北”墓，他曾在16世纪末远涉重洋来到中国，在银川等地传教30多年。每逢回族的传统节日，远近穆斯林纷纷前来念经朝拜，以示纪念。?

　　小滚历代修葺建设，成为一处著名的风景游览胜地。春夏之际，小滚钟口内满谷高杉，一片葱绿。来到景区入口，首先映入眼帘的是几棵苍劲葱茏的古槐和勃勃生机的长青松柏。进入景区，漫步于山道上，只见满山遍谷的洋槐、翠柏、白杨绿阴遮盖沟坡，郁郁葱葱。沟间坡地的山果树上挂满了晶莹欲滴的红山果和红酸枣。山涧里一缕清泉涓涓流淌。山中绿树、红花争相辉映，绚丽多彩。?

　　在景区北部一条宽窄变异、蜿蜒曲折的深沟内，多有寺庙遗址，故称“大寺沟”。沟内树木苍翠，泉水清澈，怪石林立，“狮吼”、“卧虎”、“顽猴”、“仙人指路”、“青羊跳涧”等奇石，神态各异，令人叹为观止。顺沟向西而下，有巨石立于沟间，上刻“西爽亭”三个大字，这里山势开阔，泉水叮咚，绿草如茵，是最舒坦幽静的休息之地。

　　南望群山，有三峰峭立，形似笔架，人们称它为“笔架山”。山下有人采佳石为砚，因而又称曰“砚石笔架山”。若拾级而上，登临山颠“望海亭”，可凭高四览，向西远眺，但见峰峦起伏，势若奔浪;极目东望，又见千里平畴，像风平浪静的海洋，天地相间处，云烟浩渺浑然融为一体。在这里还可观赏到“日出笔架”、“月光别钟铃”、“石嶂穿白云”等自然景观。如逢朝晖夕映时，又可观赏到“贺兰佛光”之景，堪与“峨眉宝光”争妍。六月暑日，在景区西边沟尽头的青羊溜山巅上，蓝天晴空，白雪盖顶，这就是古宁夏八景之首的“贺兰晴雪”。